3. How does Japanese consumer behavior differ from Essays

3. How does Japanese customer conduct contrast from Essays 3. How does Japanese customer conduct contrast from western buyer conduct? Japanese customers have various inclinations for products, diverse disposition about things they need from retailer than their American partners. In contrast to Americans, Japanese buyers don't put a sole determinant of significant worth on cost. The physical nearness and bundling of the item is similarly as significant as the genuine item itself. Likewise, Japanese customers have a lavish taste, yet they need to set aside cash, however are meticulous about quality, they avoid modest merchandise and second rate items. Base working on it, shopping is spread during the time in Japan and is done on bike or by foot, as opposed to vehicle. Walmart didn't give a print adaptation of their arrangements before going out on the town to shop in their day by day paper called chirashi, Housewives like to contrast costs earlier with going out to shop, and without that choice, housewives got confounded and disappointed and went somewhere else. 4. Can private brands be internationalized? Another significant arm of Walmart's Japan methodology is the forceful presentation of private brands. Walmart is well known for restrictive store marks in the US that are modest and seen as a decent incentive by US customers. The ongoing financial downturn has given further driving force to Japanese retailers to speed the presentation of private brands about 70% of Japanese retailers and 90% of Japanese markets currently stock private brands. Walmart has been redoing Seiyu in to their own picture logically and receiving fundamentally unexpected methodologies in comparison to their rivals Remodeled stores to be American Walmarts and is not yet clear if Japanese buyers will be pulled in to them. At long last, grasped the Chirashi (paper flyers) and trusting that Regular low costs stayed in Seiyu reported that it would respect the Chirashi of its rivals as well.

A Midsummer Nights Dream Essay Example for Free

A Midsummer Nights Dream Essay William Shakespeare was an English artist and dramatist, generally viewed as the best author in the English language and the universes transcendent producer. His enduring works comprise of 38 plays, 154 pieces, two long account sonnets, and a few shorter sonnets. His plays have been converted into each significant living language and are performed more regularly than those of some other writer. William Shakespeares impact reaches out from theater and writing to introduce day motion pictures and the English language itself. Shakespeare changed European venue by extending assumptions regarding what could be accomplishedâ through portrayal, plot, language and sort. Shakespeares works have likewise affected an enormous number of remarkable writers and artists throughout the years, including Herman Melville and Charles Dickens, and keep on impacting new writers even today. Shakespeare is the most cited author throughout the entire existence of the English-talking world after the different essayists of the Bible, and a considerable lot of his citations and neologisms have spent into regular utilization in English and different dialects. Shakespeare made numerous commitments to English Literature and one of the ones that influence us consistently is his commitment to the English language. Shakespeare is known as the best creator in the English language since his works are in English, yet in addition for his significant and enduring effect on the language itself. Of the 25,000 words in the ordinance, about 3,000 were authored by Shakespeare himself. The article Words Shakespeare Invented by Amanda Mabillard contains a rundown of a couple of words Shakespeare begat. 2 Shakespeares works extraordinarily affected the whole English language. Preceding and during Shakespeares time, the sentence structure and rules of English were not normalized. Yet, when Shakespeares plays got well known in the late seventeenthâ and eighteenth century, they added to the normalization of the English language, with numerous Shakespearean words and expressions getting implanted in the English language. Among Shakespeares most prominent commitments to the English language must be the presentation of new jargon and expressions which have advanced the language making it increasingly beautiful and expressive. A few appraisals at the quantity of words instituted by Shakespeare number in the few thousands. Single word Shakespeare is known to have authored is the word â€Å"accused†. He took the Greek prefix acou-, acous-, acouso-, or acoust-, significance indicates hearing,â which was at that point being utilized in Late Middle English, and consolidated it with the past tense completion - ed to allude to the individuals who are being investigated are the individuals who need a consultation to decide their blame or guiltlessness. Shakespeare previously authored the word denounced in the play Richard II, Act I, Scene I, when, talking about the individuals who are in effect officially charged of injustice, King Richard II says: Then call them to our essence; eye to eye, And grimacing temple to forehead, ourselves will hear The informer and the blamed unreservedly talk. (I. I. 16-18) The word incredible was likewise instituted by Shakespeare. He took the Latinâ prefix un-meaning not or denied of and joined it with the Latin 3 word realis being utilized in Late Middle English as a word in lawful phrasing significance identifying with things, particularly genuine property. The word stunning first shows up in Macbeth in Act III, Scene IV when Macbeth shouts of the apparition of Banquo, Hence, shocking shadow! Stunning joke, henceforth! 1. 1. Influen on Theater Shakespeares works have been a significant impact on ensuing theater. In addition to the fact that Shakespeare created the absolute most respected plays in Western writing. For instance Macbeth, Hamlet and King Lear had being positioned among theâ worlds most noteworthy plays. He additionally changed English venue by extending assumptions regarding what could be cultivated through plot and language. In particular, in plays like Hamlet, Shakespeare incorporated portrayal with plot, to such an extent that if the principle character was diverse in any capacity, the plot would be completely changed. In Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare combined disaster and satire to make another sentimental catastrophe class. Through his talks, Shakespeare demonstrated how plays could investigate a characters internal inspirations and struggle. 1. 2. Effect on Europe and America Literature Shakespeare is refered to as an impact on countless authors in the next hundreds of years, including significant writers, for example, Herman Melville, Charles Dickens, Thomas Hardy and William Faulkner. Instances of this impact incorporate the huge number of Shakespearean citations all through Dickens compositions and the way that at any rate 25 of Dickens titles are drawn from Shakespeare, while Melville much of the time utilized Shakespearean gadgets, including formal stage bearings and expanded discourses, in Moby-Dick. Actually, Shakespeare so impacted Melville that 4 the books fundamental enemy, Captain Ahab, is an exemplary Shakespearean grievous figure,â a incredible man brought somewhere around his deficiencies. Shakespeare has likewise affected various English writers, particularly Romantic artists, for example, Samuel Taylor Coleridge who were fixated on reluctance, a cutting edge topic Shakespeare foreseen in plays, for example, Hamlet. Shakespeares compositions were so powerful to English verse of the 1800s that pundit George Steiner has called all English beautiful dramatizations from Coleridge to Tennyson weak minor departure from Shakespearean topics. 1. 3. Effect on the English Language Shakespeares works significantly affected the whole English language. Earlier toâ and during Shakespeares time, the language structure and rules of English were not normalized. Be that as it may, when Shakespeares plays got well known in the late seventeenth and eighteenth century, they added to the normalization of the English language, with numerous Shakespearean words and expressions getting inserted in the English language, especially through ventures, for example, Samuel Johnsons A Dictionary of the English Language which cited Shakespeare more than some other author. He extended the extent of English writing by presenting new words and expressions exploring different avenues regarding clear refrain, and furthermore presenting new lovely andâ grammatical structures. 5 2. Classes of William Shakespeare’s Plays Shakespearean’s plays can be isolated into three classifications. The three classifications are parody, disaster and verifiable plays. 2. 1. Qualities of William Shakespeare’s Comedy and Tragedy When contemplating Shakespearean parody, there are a few characteristics that are regular to the entirety of The Bards comedic works. Note that the term parody didnt very have indistinguishable significance to Elizabethan crowds from it does today. While there is absolutely a considerable amount of silliness to be found in Shakespearesâ comedies, parody for the most part alluded to a cheerful play with a glad completion, instead of his increasingly sensational disasters and history plays. 2. 2. Shakespeares Comedies The comedies of William Shakespeare are Alls Well That Ends Well, As You Like It, The Comedy of Errors, Cymbeline, Loves Labor Lost, The Merry Wives of Windsor, The Merchant of Venice, A Midsummer Nights Dream, Much Ado About Nothing, Pericles Prince of Tire, Taming of the Shrew, The Tempest, Troilus and Cressida, Twelfth Night, Two Gentlemen of Verona, A Winters Tale and Measure for Measure. A portion of these works are really interesting from start to finish, while others,â like The Merchant of Venice, have an intense tone or solid emotional minutes. In these works, there are not many basic components can be found in Shakespearean’s Comedy. 2. 2. 1. Youthful darlings attempting to conquer snags 6 There will be a battle for youthful sweethearts to beat trouble in William Shakespeare’s Comedy. These obstructions are commonly brought out by the seniors in the play, regularly guardians or gatekeepers of the darlings. Different conditions cause the darlings to be kept separated, either actually or allegorically, and along these lines they should discover their way back together in the end. For model in the Midsummer Night’s Dream, Hermia and Lysander should likewise defeat a significant deterrent on the off chance that they need to be together in light of the fact that Hermias father needs her to wed another person. 2. 2. 2. A Greater Emphasis on Situations than Characters William Shakespeare gave more noteworthy accentuation to a circumstance than a character. This numbs the crowds association with the characters, so when characters experience setback, the crowd despite everything thinks that its ridiculous. For instance in the play of Midsummer Night’s Dream, both Demetrius and Lysander abruptly leave off being enamored with Hermia and experience passionate feelings for Helena, and they don't know why,â even however the watcher knows. 2. 2. 3. Misleading of Characters Deception of characters is one of the normal qualities for William Shakespeare’s Comedy, particularly mixed up personality. Regardless of whether it appears as stirred up twins or an astute mask, mixed up character was one of Shakespeares most loved and most-utilized plot gadgets. Sexual orientation mistakes were likewise very mainstream. Shakespeare frequently had characters taking on the appearance of the other gender, prompting numerous mistaken assumptions and hilarious circumstances. During Shakespeares lifetime, men as often as possible assumed all the jobs in a play, which added another measurement to theâ comedy. For instance in the Twelfth Night, Duke Orsino and Lady Olivia have 7 mixed up character on Viola as a man, since Viola has masked herself as a man so as to work for Duke Orsino. 2. 2. 4. Partition and re-unification Separation of family or darlings is likewise one of the celebrated trademark can be found in William Shakespeare’s Comedies. For example, in the Twelfth Night, Viola and her indistinguishable twin sibling, Sebastian have isolated for a period since they met a tempest and confronted wreck. At last they meet each other again toward the finish of the play. 2. 2. 5. Astute Plot Twists Shakespearean satire consistently includes mult

A Comprehensive Guide To Writing a winning Welcome Speech Essay

A Comprehensive Guide To Writing a winning Welcome Speech Essay A welcome speech is a statement that means the beginning of any particular event, meeting, assembly, or celebration. It is used for the order to greet all participants in a gathering cordially. In addition to that, they also contain essential information about a particular point on occasion; welcome speech essay follows a structure. A welcome speech is calculated to raise animation, delight, and to each person in the crowd. It is very natural to address an audience and deliver a message that is suitable for a particular occasion speech. Although it may be considered a formality, welcome speech essay can make people feel welcomed, supported, and motivated. HOW TO WRITE A WELCOME SPEECH ESSAY Summary HOW TO WRITE A WELCOME SPEECH ESSAYFraming The Body Of The SpeechEND The SpeechFORMATTING WELCOME SPEECH ESSAYHire Experts for Writing a Welcome Speech Essay Get the tone right Contingent upon the group of spectators, you have to utilize the right language and sound in your appreciated discourse paper. On the last chance that it is a formal event, at that point, you have to utilize natural language. A fitting welcome would be something like Great night, women and refined men pursued with an expression, for example, It is my pleasure to invite everybody to this scene today. Remember to keep the tone formal and yet keep it windy. Forgo splitting any improper jokes. Make it individual Address every one of the visitors independently with the goal that every one of them feels extraordinary. Incorporate the names of the visitors present in the group of spectators. Gain proficiency with the names of the visitors by heart. Overlooking the name of a visitor can be humiliating for you just as the visitor. Additionally, ensure that you focus on the spelling of their names. It might be Kristine and not Christine. Present the occasion While composing the welcome for the visitors, you can likewise set out the reason for the occasion for the crowd. Give a short presentation about the occasion in the appreciated discourse article. Illuminate the name of the occasion and its target. You could likewise expound a little on the association that will have the occasion. Framing The Body Of The Speech Recognize the notable individuals Every occasion remains the shoulders of a bunch of individuals who have made it feasible for the opportunity to happen. So notice names these individuals and job that each last one of them has played in transforming the thought into the real world. So notice names these individuals and job that each last one of them has played in transforming the thought into the real world. Notice the vital pieces of the occasion Each occasion has a period distributed for an excellent article â€" be it an extraordinary presentation by a craftsman, or a discourse q1by a prominent character. You expound on the extraordinary occasion and when is it going to come up to give the group of spectators a thought regarding the event. Release us on with the case of an abstract meet that your school is facilitating. We will have the pleasure of hearing it straight from the world-renowned creator Salman Rushdie about his most recent novel. Emphasize your inviting line Welcome the visitors by and by, however alternately with the goal that your discourse identifies with the diagram that you have referenced in the appreciated discourse exposition. For instance, you could state, I am hopeful to be within sight of such vast numbers of book nuts under one rooftop similarly as every single one of you are about the present occasion. Or then again, you could likewise incorporate a smooth change for the following piece of the time. END The Speech Pass on your warm wishes At last, compose that you trust that the group of spectators appreciates the remainder of the occasion. For instance, for the artistic meet at your school, you could state. You could likewise say that you trust that individuals going to the event remove something from the match. Something like, I trust that the present occasion rouses thoughts in all the maturing scholars and spurs them to make this world a superior spot with their words! Thank the group of spectators for visiting Lets assume a couple of brief sentences offering your thanks for the nearness of the group of spectators going to the occasion. Keep it short and exact. For instance, you could say, Thank you to every single one of you who removed time from their bustling calendars to go to the present occasion. If the present occasion is a triumph, it is a direct result of you. You could likewise again refer to the visitors, yet this time, you can pass up the titles and assignments. So since you realize the appreciated discourse article group and the means to approach the undertaking, begin assembling the subtleties and start composing a drawing in the piece. Also, if regardless you cant see how to contact writing a discourse paper, at that point, here is an appreciated discourse test that you can allude to. FORMATTING WELCOME SPEECH ESSAY Presentation with welcome: Great morning to all of you who have set aside a few minutes to go to the tenth Literary Meet facilitated by any College. On this promising event, I, Alexis Abbott, remain before all of you, as a delegate of the English Literary Association of mt lofty organization. The motivation behind the occasion: Like each year, we are accumulated here to draw out the best abilities and help them make strides in the supernatural domain of writing within sight of the best stalwarts. Hire Experts for Writing a Welcome Speech Essay Take help from our experts at calltutors.com to submit a welcome essay speech. We have a skilled team of experts who provides the best essay writing help, and we provide writing assistance to students all over the world. Delivery right on timeRound the clock supportTop-quality solutionsAttractive offers and discounts

Who Was Andromache

Andromache is a mythological figure in Greek literature, including the Iliad and plays by Euripides, including one play named for her. Andromache was, in Greek legends, the wife of Hector, first-born son and heir apparent of King Priam of Troy and Priam’s wife, Hecuba.  She then became part of the spoils of war, one of the captive women of Troy, and was given to the son of Achilles. Marriages: HectorSon: Scamandrius, also called AstyanaxThree sons, including PergamusNeoptolemus, son of Achilles, king of Epirus, Helenus, a brother of Hector, king of Epirus Andromache in the Iliad Most of the story of Andromache is in Book 6 of the Iliad by Homer. In book 22 the wife of Hector is mentioned but is not named. Andromache’s husband Hector is one of the major characters in the Iliad, and in first mentions, Andromache functions as the loving wife, giving a sense of Hector’s loyalties and life outside of battle. Their marriage is also a contrast to that of Paris and Helen, being fully legitimate and a loving relationship. When the Greeks are gaining on the Trojans, and it’s clear that Hector must lead the attack to repel the Greeks, Andromache pleads with her husband at the gates. A maid holds their infant son, Astyanax, in her arms, and Andromache pleads for him on behalf of both herself and their child.  Hector explains that he must fight and that death will take him whenever it is his time.  Hector takes his son from the maid’s arms. When his helmet scares the infant, Hector takes it off. He prays to Zeus for his son’s glorious future as a chief and warrior.  The incident serves in the plot to show that, while Hector has affection for his family, he is willing to put his duty above staying with them.   The following battle is described as, essentially, a battle where first one god, then another, prevails. After several battles, Hector is killed by Achilles after killing Patroclus, Achilles’ companion.  Achilles treats the body of Hector dishonorably, and only reluctantly finally releases the body to Priam for a funeral (Book 24), with which the Iliad ends. Book 22 of the Iliad mentions Andromache (though not by name) preparing for the return of her husband. When she receives word of his death, Homer depicts her traditional emotional lamenting for her husband.   Brothers of Andromache in the Iliad In Book 17 of the Iliad, Homer mentions Podes, a brother of Andromache. Podes fought with the Trojans. Menelaus killed him. In Book 6 of the Iliad, Andromache is depicted as saying that her father and his seven sons were killed by Achilles in Cilician Thebe during the Trojan War.  (Achilles would also later kill Andromache’s husband, Hector.)  This would seem to be a contradiction unless Andromache had more than seven brothers. Andromache’s Parents Andromache was the daughter of Eà «tion, according to the Iliad. He was the king of Cilician Thebe.  Andromache’s mother, Eà «tion’s wife, is not named.  She was captured in the raid that killed Eà «tion and his seven sons, and after her release, she died in Troy at the instigation of the goddess Artemis. Chryseis Chryseis, a minor figure in the Iliad, is captured in the raid on Andromache’s family in Thebe and given to Agamemnon. Her father was a priest of Apollo, Chryses. When Agamemnon is forced to return her by Achilles, Agamemnon instead takes Briseis from Achilles, resulting in Achilles absenting himself from battle in protest.  She is known in some literature as Asynome or Cressida. Andromache in the Little Iliad This epic about the Trojan War survives only in thirty lines of the original, and a summary by a later writer. In this epic, Neoptolemus (also called Pyrrhus in Greek writings), the son of Achilles by Deidamia (a daughter of Lycomedes of Scyros), takes Andromache as a captive and slave and throws Astyanax — the heir apparent after the deaths of both Priam and Hector — from the walls of Troy. Making Andromache his concubine, Neoptolemus became king of Epirus. A son of Andromache and Neoptolemus was Molossus, an ancestor of Olympias, mother of Alexander the Great. Deidamia, the mother of Neoptolemus, was, according to the stories told by Greek writers, pregnant when Achilles left for the Trojan War.  Neoptolemus joined his father in the fighting later. Orestes, son of Clytemnestra and Agamemnon, killed Neoptolemus, angered when Menelaus first promised his daughter Hermione to Orestes, then gave her to Neoptolemus. Andromache in Euripides The story of Andromache after the fall of Troy is also the subject of plays by Euripides.  Euripides tells of the slaying of Hector by Achilles, and then the throwing of Astyanax from the walls of Troy. In the division of captive women, Andromache was given to Achilles’ son, Neoptolemus.  They went to Epirus where Neoptolemus became king and fathered three sons by Andromache.  Andromache and her first son escaped being killed by Neoptolemus’ wife, Hermione. Neoptolemus is killed at Delphi.  He left Andromache and Epirus to Hector’s brother Helenus who had accompanied them to Epirus, and she once again is the queen of Epirus. After the death of Helenus, Andromache and her son Pergamus left Epirus and went back to Asia Minor. There, Pergamus founded a town named after him, and Andromache died of old age. Other Literary Mentions of Andromache Classical period artworks depict the scene where Andromache and Hector part, she trying to persuade him to stay, holding their infant son, and he comforting her but turning to his duty — and death.  The scene has been a favorite in later periods, as well. Other mentions of Andromache are in Virgil, Ovid, Seneca, and Sappho. Pergamos, probably the city of Pergamus said to have been founded by Andromache’s son, is mentioned in Revelation 2:12 of the Christian scriptures. Andromache is a minor character in Shakespeare’s play, Troilus and Cressida. In the 17th century, Jean Racine, French playwright, wrote Andromaque.  She has been featured in a 1932 German opera and poetry. More recently, science fiction writer Marion Zimmer Bradley included her in â€Å"The Firebrand† as an Amazon.  Her character appears in the 1971 film The Trojan Women, played by Vanessa Redgrave, and the 2004 film Troy, played by Saffron Burrows.

The Movement Of Pop Art - 991 Words

The term ‘Pop Arts ‘was innovated in the mid-1950s and early 1960 s. Undoubtedly, the god father of this movement is Andy Warhol – the biggest influence on humanity s fixation on visual art. His performance traverses the connection among aesthetic utterance, culture and commercial. By applying various ways of techniques which included silk screen process (for mass production) and colour settlement, Warhol showed to the world of art his perspectives on media, economics and politics. Thus, this paper will analyse the movement of Pop art as well as Andy Warhol‘s artwork: Tomato Campbell’s Soup. Andy Warhol – a well-known ad illustrator in Pop Art movement was born in August 6, 1928 in Pennsylvania. As a young boy, Andy liked to draw, colour, and cut and paste picture with the supporting from his mother. In 1945 he entered the Carnegie Institute of where his major in pictorial design. After graduation, Warhol moved to New York where he started work as a commercial artist. Throughout the 1950s, Warhol enjoyed a successful career as a commercial artist, winning several commendations. In 1953, he had his first show at Hugo Gallery. The 1960s was an extremely prolific decade for Warhol. He came to public notice through work that drew on advertising, brand names and newspaper stories. He is an important person who collapse a boundaries between high and low art(Pagliari, 2013). Many of his well-known paintings, images was produced with the concept of Pop art. PopShow MoreRelatedThe Pop Of Pop Art Movement Essay1579 Words   |  7 Pages Pop Art movement, centralised in the United States during the 1950s-60s, was a stage in the post modernism era in which the line between low art and high art was blurred and art was more accessible to the general public (Gambino, 2011). Andy Warhol was an iconic artist during the pop art movement alongside artists like Rauschenberg and Lichtenstein. The artworks, â€Å"Campbell’s Soup Cansà ¢â‚¬  (1962) and â€Å"Marilyn Diptych† (1962), depict icons from two different contexts and illustrate the theme of overRead MorePop Art : An Art Movement905 Words   |  4 PagesPop Art is an art movement that emerged in the 1950’s characterized by imagery from pop culture mostly on advertisements and news often using the sense of irony. This movement was more of a cultural revolution using vibrant colors and bold graphics to represent a statement and provide an instant meaning. It has a relation with the abstract expressionism, however it is clearer and has a comic book vibe. Pop art is not trying to confuse you and make you analyze its meaning, on the contrary, it wantsRead MorePop Art Movement Essay1127 Words   |  5 PagesThe Pop Art Movement was one of the biggest visual art movements of the 20th century. Therefore it is extremely significant. Pop Art is simply an abbreviation for popular art work. Numerous artists such as such as Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenste in, James Rosenquist and Claes Oldenburg started this phenomenal movement form the 1950’s and onwards. It came at a time after a two decade period where abstract art was extremely popular. Pop Art is the movement in art when artists began to create art with theRead MoreThe Pop Art Movement Essay1303 Words   |  6 PagesThe Pop Art Movement Pop art got its name from Lawrence Alloway, who was a British art critic in 1950’s. The name â€Å"Pop Art† reflected on the â€Å"familiar imagery of the contemporary urban environment† (kleiner, 981). This art form was popular for its bold and simple looks plus its bright and vibrant colors. An example of this type of art is the oil painting done by Andy Warhol, â€Å"Marilyn Diptych† (Warhol, Marilyn Diptych) in 1962. 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KleinerRead MoreAndy Warhol s Influence On The Pop Art Movement1608 Words   |  7 PagesAndy Warhol, born Andrew Warhola on August 6, 1928, was one of the most successful artists within the pop art movement. At the age of 8, Warhol was diagnos ed with a rare, sometimes fatal, disease named Chorea. Also known as St. Vitus’s dance, a neurological disorder that is characterized by jerky involuntary movements affecting especially the shoulders, hips and face. Warhol, was left bedridden of several months, however during these months was when he found out about his talent for drawing. LaterRead MoreWarhol : A Artist And A Prominent Figure Into The Pop Art Movement1300 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Pop Art Movement. Andrew Warhola was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. From 1945 to 1949, Warhola studied at the Carnegie Institute of Technology. In 1949, he moved and settled in New York and changed his surname to Warhol. He then worked as a Commercial artist. In the earlier years of the 1960’s, Warhol enjoyed experimenting with large mass advertisements, magazines, and other images. In 1962, he started working on the Marilyn Monroe series, which was the beginning of his success as a Pop artistRead MoreAndy Warhol: Influence on the Twentieth Century Pop Art Movement1065 Words   |  5 PagesAs a profound influence on the twentieth century pop art movement, Andy Warhol ascended to become a cornerstone in the modern art world. After taking cues from society in the mid-twentieth century, as well as conversing with Muriel Latow, Warhol did what many artists strived to do but failed. Andy also extracted many of his ideas from other artists and built on them. He put a culture on canvas and revolutionized pop art for a life time. The nineteen sixties, seventies, and eighties were periods

Mental Illness among Homeless in London Borough of Tower Hamlet Free Essays

string(237) " Despite the contention that specific determinants play a role in the indigent condition, others argue that it is the perception of adverse social conditions on the part of the person that serve to keep the person in the homeless state\." Abstract: The aim of the essay plan at hand was to outline the mental health issues that are being faced by the homeless population in the UK, with specific references to the borough of Tower Hamlets. The plan covered the main contextual factors and determinants of the urban health issue, the main implications and public consequences of the issue in both the City of London in general and the UK, and offered an outline for the critique of current interventions to combat the issue. The plan concluded with speculated recommendations and conclusions for the extended essay. We will write a custom essay sample on Mental Illness among Homeless in London Borough of Tower Hamlet or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1 Introduction London, United Kingdom is host to over 10,000 homeless members of society with common afflictions including mental illness, drug and alcohol issues and health concerns (Story et al, 2007). This number of specific homeless far exceeds other national indigent populations making it unique throughout the UK. Alongside the establishment of pervasive symptoms among the population rests the requirement of continuous evaluation of caregivers in order to maintain proper public support structures. The borough of Tower Hamlets has been identified as an area of historic and on-going homelessness as it is a highly deprived area of East London. Deprivation and severe poverty has been identified as one of the most significant determinants of physical and mental health (NHS Tower Hamlets Clinical Commissioning Group, 2013). Combined with a lack of public or private methods of remedy, many homeless have no feasible alternative to living in the streets. In accord, Tower Hamlets has a soaring prevalenc e of these determining factors, which encourage the development of mental health problems among the afflicted population. Further, poor living conditions have the potential to add to the stress experienced by some individuals, which in turn leads to a form of sickness (NHS Tower Hamlets Clinical Commissioning Group, 2013). As a result of this evaluation, homelessness has been identified as a significant aspect of poor mental health in this borough (NHS Tower Hamlets Clinical Commissioning Group, 2013). It has been suggested that mental health issues may actually be a leading factor in the onset of homelessness, where the stresses of homelessness further exacerbate existing psychological issues. At every level of assessment surrounding the mental health of the indigent population of Tower Hamlets, there is a continuous need to re-evaluate and adjust policy in order to address the rising concerns. 2 Rationales Epidemiological data shows that common mental health problems such as anxiety and depression have been found to be over twice as high, and psychosis has been found to be fifty to one hundred times more prevalent in the homeless (Bassuk et al, 1986). This illustrates the clear need to identify the factors that drive these persons to these stages. Further, with such a high number needing sustained medical attention in order to move away from the homeless issue, there is the perception of public burden, which adds to the need to find an effective method of addressing the issue (Wright, 2014). The lack of adequate research in this area of mental stability and determinants reveals the shallow depths of current knowledge, requiring the undertaking of modern reviews in order to accurately assess the next step. Another key rationale is the need to address common social issues including drug and alcohol abuse in the homeless (Dunne et al, 2013). Whether as a result of being homeless or the consequence of abuse, drugs and alcohol dependency are established factors that are common throughout the indigent population (Wright, 2014). This commonality has been wrongly cited as the prevalent determinant in the homeless condition, with many persons not finding the drugs or alcohol until after experiencing the loss of becoming homeless (Wright, 2014). Yet, the prevalence of alcohol and drug abuse has been found to be widespread within the homeless community (Fazel et al, 2008) thus the essay will aim to shed light upon this aspect of substance abuse as among the largest contributing factors to homelessness. This focus on elements that are considered determinant in the creation of the homeless population will enable a relevant series of recommendations that are aimed at reducing the phenomenon. Further, this essay also aims to provide further insight to how the statistics were found to be markedly higher in the borough of Tower Hamlets than the proportion across other London boroughs all together than the proportion across other London boroughs all together (NHS Tower Hamlets, 2011). With a defined rise in the factors impacting the homeless in this area, it becomes essential to identify the primary components. Alongside the benefit that the local population will derive from this exercise will be the potential for this experience to translate into other social areas that will assist in developing long term solutions to pressing issues. In order to fully explore the goals of this essay; gender, ethnicity and the age aspect of homelessness will be discussed, as there are marked differences between genders and races in regard to the issues faced in homelessness (Wright, 2014). As with each outside element including financial standing and health, the disparity between the sexes in the homeless population requires investigation. For example, single men between the ages of 25-44 have been identified as the most common demographic group associated with homelessness (Hwang, 2001), yet children have also been found at a high risk of facing homelessness, accompanied by a high risk of developing mental health issues (Tischler et al, 2002). While the presence of the homeless conditions in these two demographics may withstand scrutiny, the question of how this condition arose creates the opportunity to avoid it. Further, with a sustained outreach to those in peril of becoming homeless before the fact, there is opportunity for d eveloping past the hardship, making this study crucial (Buckman et al, 2013). In order to properly assess the societal position and expectations of the homeless, this essay will assess what is considered among the highest concerns among members of this population (Iversen et al, 2011). Despite the contention that specific determinants play a role in the indigent condition, others argue that it is the perception of adverse social conditions on the part of the person that serve to keep the person in the homeless state. You read "Mental Illness among Homeless in London Borough of Tower Hamlet" in category "Essay examples" With correlations among the indigent and common belief such as the desire for work and affordable housing, there are foundations for building a path to a more sustainable form of living for many currently in the homeless condition (Fitzpatrick et al, 2013). This is an indication of the importance of considering not only the external conditions associated with the homeless, mental health and drug abuse, but there must be a corresponding effort to address the internal perceptions held by these individuals. The situation for those living rough is intensified when substance misuse is co-morbidly present with existing mental health problems (Rees, 2009). This combination of conditions is credited with sustaining the homeless condition, making the opportunity to rise above the stage complex and unlikely (Dunne et al, 2012). It is the perception of lack prospects and potential that is credited with keeping many individuals in the indigent state. Among the homeless male versus the general public, there is a higher association with illnesses including schizophrenia by a 50% v 34%, personality disorders 37% v. 11%, substance dependence issues 74%5 v. 19% further increasing the need to study and identify the specific factors surrounding this ratio (Dunne et al, 2012). These statistics indicate the much of the mental disorders are amplified in conjunction with the homeless population which raises another area of concern; where the individuals afflicted as result of becoming homeless or did they become homeless as a result of becoming illThis critical consideration will add to the assessment of determinants and the manner in which they work to keep the indigent population on the rise (Wright, 2014). In accord, the essay aims to discuss how the borough of Tower Hamlets has been identified as having the highest mental health needs in the UK, with over 45% of the population of the borough claiming incapacity benefit due to their ill mental health. This very high rate indicates the presence of a set of conditions that are expected to be identifiable, adding to the appeal of this study. As the literature confirms that mental illness is a significant urban health issue accompanied by crucial repercussions such as homelessness, the essay will aim to highlight the ways in which this issue relates to the London borough of Tower Hamlets. As the results are directly relevant to those in the Tower Hamlets, many other indigent populations exhibit similar conditions, which this study wil l assist to illuminate. 3 Urban Context and Determinants The literature surrounding homelessness and mental health indicates that factors in the urban context play a major role in the development of this urban health issue (Fitzpatrick et al, 2012). This is an indication that this area of research is not only necessary but vital to the effort to sustain and improve the state of the homeless population. Determinants such as poverty, exclusion, attainment and wellbeing all hold significant implications for homelessness (Frankish, Hwang Quantz, 2005). Elements that are cited to aid in the determination homeless population causation include the lack of general or low strata employment opportunities (Fitzpatricket al, 2013). This perception of no means to find work is compounded by ill health and the absence of health care. As those in the poorer classes fall sick, there is a trend to allow this sickness to become overriding, thereby adding to the detrimental factors surrounding a persons living situation (Dawson et al, 2013). Outside social f actors can have distinct impact on the determinants surrounding the homeless populations. With natural disasters and war placing many of these individuals in the homeless situations due to associated factors, there is a need to quantify each new social influence in order to minimize the harmful impact. Feeding directly into the homeless epidemic and the mentally unstable is the common lack of disability services that will have the resources to aid them (Wright, 2014). This scenario of inadequate infrastructure only adds support to the contention that each new determinant in the homeless cycle increases the likelihood that the person will not be able to escape the condition. With evidence supporting the position that it becomes harder to function in day to day society the longer a person remains indigent, there is a clear and present time factor that must be added to the determinants of the homeless (Wright, 2014). Additional factors such as difficulties in maintaining secure and good quality accommodation due to mental illness will also be discussed in the essay as contributors to homelessness (Breaky, 1992). Determinants to the homeless condition have been attributed to the high rate of substance abuse and addiction among the indigent population (Wright, 2014). This is an indicati on that there is truth to the argument that many people choose their addictions over a place to live comfortably. Further, this very aspect is magnified by the lack of affordable, quality housing in many areas (Buckman et al, 2013). With no avenue to find a roof, the drive to work towards making their life better has a trend of stalling as these determinant continue to hold the person back. This essay endeavours to shed light on recent changes to government policy, such as reforms in welfare support and social housing, the recession, and government cuts to public services in the UK had impacted those who were most vulnerable to homelessness. Each shift in public policy and perception has the potential to add or detract from the living situation of the indigent population (Wright, 2014). Yet, in many cases, available opportunities are overlooked due to the fact that the persons in question have no means to become acquainted with the policies. Individuals with mental health problems have faced considerable difficulties due to these changes such as understanding when they need to claim the benefits, how the new benefits work, and uncertainty about how the changes will affect their circumstances (Wright, 2014). Many times, the very complex nature of the policy or regulation diminishes the effectiveness of the intent by reducing access. As a further example of this issue rai sing modern concern, in some cases, individuals may also face difficulty getting access to, and using a computer to claim their benefits online (Dawson et al, 2013). These common issues that highlight the high risk of the mentally ill facing homelessness due to financial hardship and provide a possible explanation as to why there is such a high degree of mental illness among the homeless. Due to the fact that registration to a GP generally requires proof of a home address, homeless people are more likely to access healthcare through emergency services (Crisis MORI, 2002). This creates many issues including access, payment, sustained care and exacerbated social expense. Further, this poses problems on both the individual and the general population as the individual may not receive the health advice and respect that they deserve for reasons such as the emergency department only being intended for emergency health conditions, and due to social stigma around homelessness; such as the homeless may be associated with mental ill health, substance abuse and lack of hygiene (Riley, Harding, Underwood Carter, 2003). It is a common trend among the homeless to face a lack of insurance and the unwillingness to visit the doctor aside from the direst of circumstance. These factors have been cited as contributors of poor physical and psychological wellbeing which the homeless indiv idual faces when trying to access public health care, which only serve to compound the homeless condition (Wright, 2014). In many cases social pressure to avoid using the medical services, serves to drive the homeless even further from finding quality care, only serve to further add to the issue. A final determinant to be discussed in this essay is the cost of this urban health issue faced by the National health services, which in turn is passed on to the larger national population (Dunne et al, 2012). In many cases the variance of social support has changed alongside the political views of the ruling establishment. This condition causes many fits and starts to any existing system, which in turn serve to slow down both effective outreach and long-term strategy. Cost has the potential to become an overbearing feature of any policy creation effort (Dunne et al, 2012). In some cases the zeal to reduce the public budget for these issues is weighed against the need to devote time and resources to this part of the population (Fitzpatrick et al, 2013). With a common lack of representation among the law makers, the lower classes have often suffered the lack of finance and social support that is required to implement any effective strategy. Modern evidence shows that mental illness for the NHS is costly as it is the largest cause of disability in the UK. Social and informal care for the mentally ill is costing ?22.5 billion, where 13.8% of the national budget is spent on mental health (National Mental Health, 2012). This is a defining motivation for lawmakers on any side of the aisle to find a method of addressing the issue. Statistics also show that ?77 billion a year was being spent on welfare benefits for mental illnesses in 2009 (National Mental Health, 2012). This is a trend of rising cost that will only be reversed through study and relevant and considered implement of infrastructure. The lack of a coordinated strategy to reduce the homeless issue only creates a potential for the issue to become intractable and even harder to combat (Wright, 2014). The impact of these costs on the national economy was damaging, increasing national debts thus affecting the general population through increases in tax, public service s, and as previously mentioned, cuts to national healthcare (National Mental Health, 2012). This issue touches each person in society in a direct manner, meaning that with the easing of homeless condition there will be a corresponding easing of social pressure of the whole of society. Therefore it is necessary for these determinants to be discussed as contributing factors to the urban health issue. 4 Conclusions and Recommendations The aim of this paper is to critique strategies such as the Tower Hamlets Homelessness Statement 2013 to 2017, the Homelessness Act and other interventions that tackle homelessness and mental illness as separate entities (Crisis, 2009). This review of material will create the opportunity to identify strengths and weaknesses in the approaches that could in turn be amended. Further, this review will provide a basis for long term strategy based on the continuous need to refine public policy in order to reduce the burden on society as a whole (Wright, 2014). Yet, in every case the solution must be both ethical and motivated by the desire to enhance the homeless population’s potential to achieve stability. The recommendations that will evolve as a result of this study will involve coordinated treatment programs (Coldwell Bender, 2007) such as Assertive Community Treatment (ACT), which aim to serve psychiatric outpatients whose mental illness causes serious functioning difficulties in aspects of life including work, social relationships, residential independence, money management, and physical health and wellness, all of which can have an impact on housing status (Dixon, 2000). Other possible avenues designed to create options including community housing initiatives, political action through policy reform, enhancing current infrastructure such as Habitat for Humanity and the National Coalition for the Homeless. This consideration of a wide range of evidence creates a variety of opportunities to explore and address the issues facing the modern homeless population (Iversen et al, 2011). It is expected that this study will conclude that the ACT is an effective measure in combating the cor e issues which lead to and maintain homelessness, and aim to recommend that government funding should be utilised to promote programs such as ACT which will make lasting changes in the homeless community. Further, there is an expectation that there will be a combination of past and prior factors that have contributed to the homeless population and that it will require a well-rounded intervention method in order to provide better prospects. In the end, the base goal of this essay is to provide potential paths for further research which will in turn work to alleviate the dismal conditions associated with the indigent condition. 4 References Bassuk, E.L., Rubin, L. Lauriat. A.S. (1986). Characteristics of sheltered homeless families. American Journal of Public Health. 76(9). 1097-1101. Breaky, W.R. (1992). Mental Health Services for Homeless People. pp101-107. Cited in: Homelessness: A National Perspective. Eds. Robertson, M.J. Greenblatt, M. (1992). Buckman, J., Forbes, H., Clayton, T., Jones, M., Jones, N., Greenberg, N., Sundin, J., Hull, L., Wessely, S. and Fear, N. (2013). Early Service leavers: a study of the factors associated with premature separation from the UK Armed Forces and the mental health of those that leave early. The European Journal of Public Health, 23(3), pp.410–415.Coldwell, C.M. Bender, W.S. (2007). The Effectiveness of Assertive Community Treatment for Homeless Populations With Severe Mental Illness: A Meta-Analysis. Am J Psychiatry. 164(3). 393-399.Communities and Local Government. (2009). Rough Sleeping England – Total Street Count. Retrieved from: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20120919132719/http://www.communities.gov.uk/publications/corporate/statistics/roughsleeping2009 Accessed: 17th February 2014 Crisis MORI. (2002). Critical condition: Homeless people’s access to GPs. London. Dawson, A., Jackson, D. and Cleary, M. (2013). Mothering on the margins: Homeless women with an SUD and complex mental health co-morbidities. Issues in mental health nursing, 34(4), pp.288–293. Dixon, L. (2000). Assertive community treatment: Twenty-five years of cold. Psychiatric Services, 51, 759-765. Dunne, E., Duggan, M. and O’Mahony, J. (2012). Mental health services for homeless: patient profile and factors associated with suicide and homicide. Mental health. Fazel, S; Khosla, V; Doll, H; Geddes, J (2008). â€Å"The Prevalence of Mental Disorders among the Homeless in Western Countries: Systematic Review and Meta-Regression Analysis†. PLoS Med 5 (12). doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050225 Fitzpatrick, S., Bramley, G. and Johnsen, S. (2013). Pathways into multiple exclusion homelessness in seven UK cities. Urban Studies, 50(1), pp.148–168. Frankish, C.J., Hwang, S.W. Quantz, D. (2005). Homelessness and Health in Canada. Canadian Journal of Public Health. 2(96). 23-29. Hwang, S.W. (2001). Homelessness and health. CMAJ. 164(2). 229–233. Iversen, A., van Staden, L., Hughes, J., Greenberg, N., Hotopf, M., Rona, R., Thornicroft, G., National Mental Health. (2012). Development Unit. Factfile 3. The costs of mental ill health. Retrieved from: http://www.nmhdu.org.uk/silo/files/nmhdu-factfile-3.pdf Accessed: 16th February 2014 NHS Tower Hamlets. (2011). Homelessness: Factsheet. Tower Hamlets Joint Strategic Needs Assessment 2010 ­2011 . Retrieved from: http://www.towerhamlets.gov.uk/idoc.ashx?docid=f8390127-f61d-491b-8323-cea75d92a228version=1. Accessed: 16th February 2014 Riley, A.J., Harding, G., Underwood, M.R., Carter, Y.H. (2003). Homelessness: a problem for primary careBritish Journal of General Practice. 473-479. Tischler, V., Vostanis, P., Bellerby, T. Cumella, S. (2002). Evaluation of a mental health outreach service for homeless families. Arch Dis Child. 86. 158–163. Tower Hamlets Clinical Commissioning Group. (August 2013). Mental Health Joint Strategic Needs Assessment for Tower Hamlets. Tower Hamlets Health and Wellbeing Board. Tower Hamlets Homelessness Statement. (2013). 2013 to 2017 Consultation Draft. Retrieved from: http://www.towerhamlets.gov.uk/lgsl/851900/868_housing_strategy_and_polic/homelessness_strategy.aspx Accessed: 17th February 2014 Rees, S. (2009). Mental Ill Health in the Adult Single Homeless Population: A review of the literature. Crisis, PHRU. Retrieved from: http://www.crisis.org.uk/data/files/publications/Mental%20health%20literature%20review.pdf. Accessed: 16th February 2014 Story, A., Murad, S., Roberts, W., Verheyen, M. Hayward, A.C. (2007). Tuberculosis in London: the importance of homelessness, problem drug use and prison. Thorax. 62(8). 667-671. Wessely, S. and Fear, N. (2011). The stigma of mental health problems and other barriers to care in the UK Armed Forces. BMC health services research, 11(1), p.31. Wright, J. (2014). Health needs of the homeless. InnovAiT: Education and inspiration for general practice, 7(2), pp.91–98. How to cite Mental Illness among Homeless in London Borough of Tower Hamlet, Essay examples Mental Illness Among Homeless In London Borough Of Tower Hamlet Free Essays Abstract: The aim of the essay plan at hand was to outline the mental health issues that are being faced by the homeless population in the UK, with specific references to the borough of Tower Hamlets. The plan covered the main contextual factors and determinants of the urban health issue, the main implications and public consequences of the issue in both the City of London in general and the UK, and offered an outline for the critique of current interventions to combat the issue. The plan concluded with speculated recommendations and conclusions for the extended essay. We will write a custom essay sample on Mental Illness Among Homeless In London Borough Of Tower Hamlet or any similar topic only for you Order Now Introduction: Where 10,000 of the UK’s homeless population can be found in London (Story, Murad, Roberts, Verheyen Hayward, 2007), mental health issues have been established as prevalent among the homeless in specific urban areas in the city of London. The borough of Tower Hamlets has been identified as an area of historic and ongoing homelessness as it is a highly deprived area of East London. Deprivation and severe poverty has been identified as one of the most significant determinants of physical and mental health (NHS Tower Hamlets Clinical Commissioning Group, 2013). In accord, Tower Hamlets has a soaring prevalence of these determining factors, which encourage the development of mental health problems. Thus, homelessness has been identified as a significant aspect of poor mental health in this borough (NHS Tower Hamlets Clinical Commissioning Group, 2013). It has been suggested that mental health issues may actually be a leading factor in the onset of homelessness, where the stresses of homelessness further exacerbate existing psychological issues. Rationale: Epidemiological data shows that common mental health problems such as anxiety and depression have been found to be over twice as high, and psychosis has been found to be fifty to one hundred times more prevalent in the homeless (Bassuk, Rubin Lauriat, 1986). A local audit in East London has shown that serious mental illness is more prevalent in the black rather than the white population (NHS Tower Hamlets Clinical Commissioning Group, 2013). The prevalence of alcohol and drug abuse has been found to be widespread within the homeless community (Fazel, Khosla, Doll, Geddes, 2008) thus the essay will aim to shed light upon this aspect of substance abuse as the largest contributing factor to homelessness. The essay will also aim to provide further insight to how the statistics were found to be markedly higher in the borough of Tower Hamlets than the proportion across other London boroughs all together (alcohol 26%, drugs 36%) (NHS Tower Hamlets, 2011). Furthermore, the gender, ethnicity and age aspect of homelessness will be discussed, as there are marked differences between genders and races in regard to the issues faced in homelessness. For example, single men between the ages of 25-44 have been identified as the most common demographic group associated with homelessness (Hwang, 2001), yet children have also been found at a high risk of facing homelessness, accompanied by a high risk of developing mental health issues (Tischler, Vostanis, Bellerby Cumella, 2002). The situation for those living rough is intensified when substance misuse is co-morbidly present with existing mental health problems (Rees, 2009). In accord, the essay aims to discuss how the borough of Tower Hamlets has been identified as having the highest mental health needs in the UK, with over 45% of the population of the borough claiming incapacity benefit due to their ill mental health. Furthermore, certain groups such as rough sleepers, domestic violence victims, sex workers and ex offenders a re at a higher risk of homelessness and 70% of these individuals will be likely to have a mental health condition (Tower Hamlets Homelessness Statement, 2013). As the literature confirms that mental illness is a significant urban health issue among the population of Tower Hamlet accompanied by crucial repercussions such as homelessness, the essay will aim to highlight the ways in which this issue relates to the London borough of Tower Hamlets. Urban Context and Determinants: The literature surrounding homelessness and mental health indicates that factors in the urban context play a major role in the development of this urban health issue. The essay will endeavour to discuss determinants such as poverty, exclusion, attainment and wellbeing, which all hold significant implications for homelessness (Frankish, Hwang Quantz, 2005). Long term unemployment and overcrowded households have played a major role in the development of mental illnesses, and have even lead to homelessness (NHS Tower Hamlets Clinical Commissioning Group, 2013). Additional factors such as difficulties in maintaining secure and good quality accommodation due to mental illness will also be discussed in the essay as contributors to homelessness (Breaky, 1992). Moreover, light will also be shed on recent changes to government policy, such as reforms in welfare support and social housing, the recession, and government cuts to public services in the UK, and their impact on those who were most vulnerable to homelessness. Individuals with mental health problems have inevitably faced considerable difficulties due to these changes such as understanding when they need to claim the benefits, how the new benefits work, and uncertainty about how the changes will affect their circumstances. In some cases, individuals may also face difficulty getting access to, and using a computer to claim their benefits online (Crisis MORI, 2002). These issues highlight the high risk of the mentally ill facing homelessness due to financial hardship, and provide an explanation to why there is mental illness among the homeless. Due to the fact that registration to a GP generally requires proof of a home address, homeless people are more likely to access healthcare through emergency services (Crisis MORI, 2002). This poses problems on both the individual and the general population as the individual may not receive the health advice and respect that they deserve for reasons such as the emergency department only being intended for emergency health conditions, and due to social stigma around homelessness; such as the homeless may be associated with mental ill health, substance abuse and lack of hygiene (Riley, Harding, Underwood Carter, 2003). These factors will be discussed as contributors of poor physical and psychological wellbeing which the homeless individual faces when trying to access public health care. Moreover, the waiting time in emergency departments will affect both the individual and the general public as the individual may not want to seek medical help due to long waiting hours and discriminati on, and the general public may have to wait longer to be seen for an emergency due to homeless individuals being seen for general health concerns. Another factor that is aimed to be discussed in the essay is the cost of this urban health issue faced by the National health services. Evidence shows that mental illness for the NHS is costly as it is the largest cause of disability in the UK. Social and informal care for the mentally ill is costing ?22.5 billion, where 13.8% of the national budget is spent on mental health (National Mental Health, 2012). Statistics also show that ?77 billion a year was being spent on welfare benefits for mental illnesses in 2009. The impact of these costs on the national economy was damaging, increasing national debts thus affecting the general population through increases in tax, public services, and as previously mentioned, cuts to national healthcare. Therefore these determinants will also be discussed as contributing factors to the urban health issu e. Strategies Interventions for Critique; Speculated Recommendations Conclusions: The aim of the paper will be to critique strategies such as the Tower Hamlets Homelessness Statement 2013 to 2017, the Homelessness Act and other interventions that tackle homelessness and mental illness as separate entities (Crisis, 2009). The recommendations I will make will involve coordinated treatment programs (Coldwell Bender, 2007) such as Assertive Community Treatment (ACT), which aim to serve psychiatric outpatients whose mental illness causes serious functioning difficulties in aspects of life including work, social relationships, residential independence, money management, and physical health and wellness, all of which can have an impact on housing status (Dixon, 2000). I expect to conclude that ACT is an effective measure in combating the core issues which lead to and maintain homelessness, and aim to recommend that government funding should be utilised to promote programs such as ACT which will make lasting changes in the homeless community. References Bassuk, E.L., Rubin, L. Lauriat. A.S. (1986). Characteristics of sheltered homeless families. American Journal of Public Health. 76(9). 1097-1101. Breaky, W.R. (1992). Mental Health Services for Homeless People. pp101-107. Cited in: Homelessness: A National Perspective. Eds. Robertson, M.J. Greenblatt, M. (1992). Coldwell, C.M. Bender, W.S. (2007). The Effectiveness of Assertive Community Treatment for Homeless Populations With Severe Mental Illness: A Meta-Analysis. Am J Psychiatry. 164(3). 393-399. Communities and Local Government. (2009). Rough Sleeping England – Total Street Count. Retrieved from: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20120919132719/http://www.communities.gov.uk/publications/corporate/statistics/roughsleeping2009 Accessed: 17th February 2014 Crisis MORI. (2002). Critical condition: Homeless people’s access to GPs. London. Dixon, L. (2000). Assertive community treatment: Twenty-five years of cold. Psychiatric Services, 51, 759-765. Fazel, S; Khosla, V; Doll, H; Geddes, J (2008). â€Å"The Prevalence of Mental Disorders among the Homeless in Western Countries: Systematic Review and Meta-Regression Analysis†. PLoS Med 5 (12). doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050225 Frankish, C.J., Hwang, S.W. Quantz, D. (2005). Homelessness and Health in Canada. Canadian Journal of Public Health. 2(96). 23-29. Hwang, S.W. (2001). Homelessness and health. CMAJ. 164(2). 229–233. National Mental Health. (2012). Development Unit. Factfile 3. The costs of mental ill health. Retrieved from: http://www.nmhdu.org.uk/silo/files/nmhdu-factfile-3.pdf Accessed: 16th February 2014 NHS Tower Hamlets. (2011). Homelessness: Factsheet. Tower Hamlets Joint Strategic Needs Assessment 2010 ­2011 . Retrieved from: http://www.towerhamlets.gov.uk/idoc.ashx?docid=f8390127-f61d-491b-8323-cea75d92a228version=1. Accessed: 16th February 2014 Riley, A.J., Harding, G., Underwood, M.R., Carter, Y.H. (2003). Homelessness: a problem for primary careBritish Journal of General Practice. 473-479. Tischler, V., Vostanis, P., Bellerby, T. Cumella, S. (2002). Evaluation of a mental health outreach service for homeless families. Arch Dis Child. 86. 158–163. Tower Hamlets Clinical Commissioning Group. (August 2013). Mental Health Joint Strategic Needs Assessment for Tower Hamlets. Tower Hamlets Health and Wellbeing Board. Retrieved from: http://www.towerhamletsccg.nhs.uk/Get_Involved/Tower%20Hamlets%20Mental%20Health%20Joint%20Strategic%20Needs%20Assessment%20Part%20One%20-%20Population%20Needs.pdf Accessed: 17th February 2014 Tower Hamlets Homelessness Statement. (2013). 2013 to 2017 Consultation Draft. Retrieved from: http://www.towerhamlets.gov.uk/lgsl/851900/868_housing_strategy_and_polic/homelessness_strategy.aspx Accessed: 17th February 2014 Rees, S. (2009). Mental Ill Health in the Adult Single Homeless Population: A review of the literature. Crisis, PHRU. Retrieved from: http://www.crisis.org.uk/data/files/publications/Mental%20health%20literature%20review.pdf. Accessed: 16th February 2014 Story, A., Murad, S., Roberts, W., Verheyen, M. Hayward, A.C. (2007). Tuberculosis in London: the importance of homelessness, problem drug use and prison. Thorax. 62(8). 667-671. How to cite Mental Illness Among Homeless In London Borough Of Tower Hamlet, Essay examples

Dropping the Atomic Bomb Essay Example For Students

Dropping the Atomic Bomb Essay On August 6, 1945 the atomic bomb was dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima. The Enola Gay, piloted by Colonel Tibbetts, was chosen to make the mission. The mission was recorded as successful by Capt. William S. Parson at 9:20 A. M. This was an extremely controversial military strategy in the United States. Was the United States justified in the dropping of the atomic bomb? Yes, they were justified for many reasons. The primary reason was, that it would stop the war. Why is it that this war needed to be stopped so badly? Even though in some ways it was helping our economy, it was very costly in both money and lives. Also, the United States soldiers were undergoing harsh treatment by the unmerciful Japanese. Another reason the war needed to be stopped was to defend ourselves from another attack on U.S. soil, which in turn would kill many of our U.S. citizens. This is why the war needed to be stopped; thus, justifying the use of the atomic bomb. World War II was the costliest war in history, in terms of lives lost. No exact figures exist, but approximately between 15 and 20 million military personnel were killed. Of these, 292,000 were Americans and 6,000 innocent United States citizens were murdered by our enemies. It has been estimated that if the United States had not dropped the bomb and had invaded Japan instead, the United States would have lost about a million soldiers. The Japanese suicidal fighting strategies greatly effected this number. The Japanese would rather die than surrender. This is demonstrated by the battle of Saipan. At this battle over half of the population of Saipan walked off a cliff instead of surrendering to the United States. This was often very effective. Many times when a Japanese soldier decided to blow himself up instead of surrendering he would kill many Americans with the same blast. Also the kamikaze techniques of the Japanese fighters killed many soldiers. If this war would have continued we could have lost thousands more. Also up to this point we spent 300 billion dollars on war efforts. Many materials and other objects were damaged. Any estimate on how much money was lost in damages would be futile. This number would have continued to rise if it had not been for the use of the atomic bomb. The horrendous atrocities that occurred during World War II were unmerciful as well as unnecessary. During one invasion of China, the rape of Nanking, the Japanese killed 100,000 Chinese civilians. They were burned, butchered, and raped. Sometimes the Japanese would tie a big group of them together and use them for bayonet and sword practice. After the fall of Bataan the soldiers were forced to go on a death march. During this march many unheard of things happened to the soldiers. A soldier was often killed for trying to get a drink of water. If a soldier fell down the Japanese would either bayonet them or knock them unconscious. Once they were knocked unconscious, the Japanese then forced another American soldier to bury the unconscious soldier alive. One soldier once commented, The worst time was once when a burial victim with about six inches of earth over him suddenly regained consciousness and clawed his way out until he was almost sitting upright. Then I learned to what length a man will go to hang onto his life. The bayonets began to prod me in the side and I was forced to bash the soldier over the head with the shovel and then finish burying him.(Kappler, Pg. 168) This harsh treatment to innocent civilians and our soldiers needed to stop. Counseling And Psychotherapy Essay The atomic bomb was a way to stop it. On December 7, 1941, A day that will live in infamy, Pearl Harbor was deliberately attacked by the Japanese. Reports indicate that 2400 people were killed and 1300 were wounded. The reason Japan bombed Pearl Harbor was because that was where all of our Navy ships were positioned. They were hoping to take out the Navy and were almost successful. The aircraft carriers were expected to be in the harbor, but luckily were not. Although the attack may have been a military success in the minds of the Japanese it became a huge mistake in the final analysis. One reason it was a mistake was it caused the U.S. to enter the war. We were the ultimate cause to Japan losing the war. Secondly it made the Americans angry and determined to destroy the Japanese. Many congressmen volunteered for active duty, .